董瑞芳;张晓斐;刘涛;张首刚;

• 1:中国科学院国家授时中心
• 2:中国科学院时间频率基准重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

随着时间频率的研究水平不断提高,实现比现有精度大幅度提高的新一代时间传递技术的研究受到广泛关注。激光脉冲时间传递作为目前自由空间时间传递精度最高的技术,其精度提高与采用的探测手段和脉冲光量子特性紧密关联。应用飞秒光频梳实现高精度时间传递是目前国际研究的一个新热点,近年来取得了许多突破性进展。在此基础上,量子优化的时间传递研究也随之展开。应用具有压缩特性的量子光频梳替代传统光频梳,将使时间延迟的测量精度突破散粒噪声极限。因此,基于量子测量和量子光频梳光源的量子优化在提高自由空间远程时间传递精度方面具有巨大应用潜力,是未来时间频率的高精度传输与比对技术的重要研究方向。

关键词(KeyWords)： 高精度时间传递;量子优化;量子光频梳;脉冲整形

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11174282;Y133ZK1101;91336108);; 中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划资助项目(QYZDB-SSW-SLH007);中国科学院科研装备研制资助项目;; 中组部“青年拔尖人才支持计划”资助项目(组厅字〔2013〕33号)

作者(Author): 董瑞芳;张晓斐;刘涛;张首刚;

Email:

DOI: 10.13875/j.issn.1674-0637.2016-03-0162-08

参考文献(References)：

• [1]EINSTEIN A.The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein[D].Princeton:Princeton University,1989.
• [2]刘利,韩春好.卫星双向时间比对及其误差分析[J].天文学进展,2004,22(3):219–226.
• [3]CHOU C W,HUME D B,KOELEMEIJ J C,et al.Frequency comparison of two high-accuracy Al+optical clocks[J].Physical Review Letters,2010,104(7):2509-2510.
• [4]HINKLEY N,SHERMAN J A,PHILLIPS N B,et al.An atomic clock with 1018 instability[J].Science Express,2013,341(6151):1215-1218.
• [5]SAMAIN E,GUILLEMOT P,EXERTIER P,et al.Time transfer by laser link-T2L2:current status of the validation program[C]//The 24th European Frequency and Time Forum,Netherlands:Space Research and Technology Centre of the European Space Agency(ESA/ESTEC),2010.
• [6]HALL J L.Noble lecture:defining and measuring optical frequencies[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2006,78(4):1279-1295.
• [7]HANSCH T W.Noble lecture:passion for precision[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2006,78(78):1297-1309.
• [8]KIM J,COX J A,CHEN J,et al.Drift-free femtosecond timing synchronization of remote optical and microwave sources[J].Nature Photonics,2008,2(12):733-736.
• [9]LEE J,KIM Y J,Lee K,et al.Time-of-flight measurement with femtosecond light pulses[J].Nature Photonics,2010,4(10):716-720.
• [10]CODDINGTON I,SWANN W C,NENADOVIC L,et al.Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range[J].Nature Photonics,2009,3(6):351-356.
• [11]GIORGETTA F R,SWANN W C,SINCLAIR L C,et al.Optical two-way time and frequency transfer over free space[J].Nature Photonics,2013,7(6):434-438.
• [12]LAMINE B,FABRE C,TREPS N.Quantum improvement of time transfer between remote clocks[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,101(12):123601.
• [13]JIAN P,PINEL O,FABRE C,et al.Real-time distance measurement immune from atmospheric parameters using optical frequency combs[J].Optics Express,2012,20(24):27133-27146.
• [14]GIOVANNETTI V,LLOYD S,MACCONE L.Quantum-enhanced positioning and clock synchronization[J].Nature,2001,412(6854):417-419.
• [15]JUNGWON K,LOHI F,CHEN J,et al.Long-term femtosecond timing link stabilization using a singlecrystal balanced cross correlator[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(2007):1044~1046.
• [16]JAEKEL M,REYNAUD S.Time-frequency transfer with quantum fields[J].Physical Review Letters,1996,76(14):2407-2411.
• [17]GIOVANNETTI V,MACCONE L,SHAPIRO J H,et al.Extended phase-matching conditions for improved entanglement generation[J].Physical Review A,2002,66(4):519-531.
• [18]KUZUCU O,FIORENTINO M,ALBOTA M A,et al.Two-photon coincident-frequency entanglement via extended phase matching[J].Physical Review Letters,2005,94(8):178-179.
• [19]NASR M B,CARRASCO S,SALEH B E,et al.Ultrabroadband biphotons generated via chirped quasi-phase-matched optical parametric down-conversion[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,100(18):1459-1469.
• [20]VALENCIA A,SCARCELLI G,SHIH Y H.Distant clock synchronization using entangled photon pairs[J].Applied Physics Letter,2004,85(13):2655-2657.
• [21]GIOVANNETTI V,LLOYD S,MACCONE L.Clock synchronization with dispersion cancellation[J].Physical Review Letters,2001,87(11):265-286.
• [22]GIOVANNETTI V,LLOYD S,MACCONE L,et al.Conveyor-belt clock synchronization[J].Physical Review A,2004,70(4):628.
• [23]DORRER C,KILPER D C,STUART H R,et al.Linear optical sampling[J].IEEE Photonics.Technolgy Letteres,2003,15(12):1746-1748.
• [24]MA L S,BI Z,BARTELS A,et al.Optical frequency synthesis and comparison with uncertainty at the 10-19 level[J].Science,2004,303(5665):1843-1845.
• [25]CAVES C M.Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer[J].Physical Review D,1981,23(8):1693-1708.
• [26]JAEKEL M T,REYNAUD S.Quantum limits in interferometric measurements[J].Europhysics Letters,1990,13(4):301-304.
• [27]WEINER A M,HERTAGE J P,KIRSCHER E M.High resolution femtosecond pulse shaping[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1988,5(8):1563-1572.
• [28]WEINER A M.Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2000,71(5):1929-1960.
• [29]WILSON J W,SCHLUP P,BARTELS R A.Ultrafast phase and amplitude pulse shaping with a single,one-dimensional,high-resolution phase mask[J].Optics Express,2007,15(14):8979-8987.
• [30]MONMAYRANT A,WEBER S,CHATEL B.A newcomer's guide to ultrashort pulse shaping and characterization[J].Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular&Optical Physics,2010,43(10):103001.
• [31]WEINER A M.Ultrafast optical pulse shaping:a tutorial review[J].Optics Communication,2011,284(15):3669-3692.
• [32]FREI F,GALLER A,T FEURER.Space-time coupling in femtosecond pulse shaping and its effects on coherent control[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,2009,130(3):034302-034314.
• [33]DUGAN M A,TULL J X,WARREN W S.High-resolution acousto-optic shaping of unamplified and amplified femtosecond laser pulses[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1997,14(19):2348-2358.
• [34]VERLUISE F,LAUDE V,CHENG Z,et al.Amplitude and phase control of ultrashort pulses by use of an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter:pulse compression and shaping[J].Optics Letters,2000,25(8):575-577..
• [35]OHNO K,TANABE T,KANNARI F.Adaptive pulse shaping of phase and amplitude of an amplified femtosecond pulse laser by direct reference to frequency-resolved optical gating traces[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2002,19(19):2781-2790.
• [36]SATO M,SUZUKI M,SHIOZAWA M,et al.Adaptive pulse shaping of femtosecond laser pulses in amplitude and phase through a single-mode fiber by referring to frequency-resolved optical gating patterns[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2002,41(61A):3704.
• [37]PRECIADO M A,MURIEL M A.Design of an ultrafast all-optical differentiator based on a fiber Bragg grating in transmission[J].Optics Letters,2008,33(21):2458-2460.
• [38]PARK Y,AZANA J,SLAVIK R.Ultrafast all-optical first-and higher-order differentiators based on interferometers[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(6):710-712.
• [39]LI F,PARK Y,AZANJ A.Complete temporal pulse characterization based an phase reconstruction using optical ultrafast differentiation(PROUD)[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(22):3364-3366.
• [40]LABROILLE G,PINEL O,TREPS N,et al.Pulse shaping with birefringent crystals:a tool for quantum metrology[J].Optics Express,2013,21(21):21889-21896.
• [41]WU L A,KIMBLE H J,HALL J,et al.Generation of squeezed states by parametric down conversion[J].Physical Review Letters,1986,57:2520-2523.
• [42]OU Z Y,PEREIRA S F,KIMBLE H J,et al.Realization of the Einstein-podolsky-rosen paradox for continuous variables[J].Physical Review Letters,1992,68(25):3663-3666.
• [43]DONG R,HEERSINK J,CORNEY J F,et al.Experimental evidence for raman-induced limits to efficient squeezing in optical fibers[J].Optics Letters,2008,33(2):116-118.
• [44]HIRANO T,KOTANI K,ISHIBASHI T,et al.3 d B squeezing by single-pass parametric amplification in a periodically poled KTi OPO4 crystal[J].Optics Letters,2005,30(13):1722-1724.
• [45]LEVENSON J A,ABRAM I,RIVERA T,et al.Quantum optical cloning amplifier[J].Physical Review Letters,1993,70(3):267-270.
• [46]LA A,SLUSHER R E.Squeezing limits at high parametric gains[J].Physical Review A,1991,44(3):2013-2022.
• [47]MEHMET M,AST S,EBERLE T,et al.Squeezed light at 1 550 nm with a quantum noise reduction of 12.3 d B[J].Optics Express,2011,19(25):25763-25772.
• [48]MAK G,FU Q,DRIEl H M V.Externally pumped high repetition rate femtosecond infrared optical parametric oscillator[J].Applied Physics Letter,1992,60(5):542-544.
• [49]MAKER G T,FERGUSON A I.Doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped by a frequency doubled,mode locked,and Q switched diode laser pumped neodymium yttrium lithium fluoride laser[J].Applied Physics Letter,1990,56(17):1614-1616.
• [50]CARTY M J M,HANNA D C.Widely tunable synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator[J].Optics Letters,1992,17(6):402-404.
• [51]CHEUNG E C,LIU J M.Theory of a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator in steady-state operation[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1990,7(7):1385-1401.
• [52]CARTHY M J M,HANNA D C.J.An all-solid-state synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1993,10(1):2180-2190.
• [53]BECKER M F,D J KUIZENGA,PHILLION D W,et al.Analytic expressions for ultrashort pulse generation in mode locked optical parametric oscillators J[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1974,45(9):3996-4005.
• [54]VALCARCEL G J D,PATERA G,TREPS N,et al.Multimode squeezing of frequency combs[J].Physical Review A,2006,74(6):061801(R).
• [55]PATERA G,TREPS N,FABRE C,et al.Quantum theory of synchronously pumped type I optical parametric oscillators:characterization of the squeezed supermodes[J].European Physical Journal D,2009,56(1):123-140.
• [56]R M D ARAúJO,PINEL O,JIAN P,et al.Generation and characterization of multimode quantum frequency combs[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108(8):083601.
• [57]刘洪雨,陈立,刘灵,等.飞秒脉冲正交位相压缩光的产生[J].物理学报,2013,62(16):164206.
• [58]HEERSINK J,MARQUARDT C,DONG R,et al.Distillation of squeezing from non-Gaussian quantum states[J].Physical Review Letters,2006,96(25):253601.
• [59]FRANZEN A,HAGE B,GUGLIELMO J D,et al.Experimental demonstration of continuous variable purification of squeezed states[J].Physical Review Letters,2006,97(25):150505.
• [60]YIN J,REN J G,H LU,et al.Quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over 100-kilometre free-space channels[J].Nature,2012,488(7410):185-188.
• [61]YIN J,CAO Y,LIU S B,et al.Experimental single-photon transmission from satellite to earth[J].Optics Express,2013,217(17):20032-20040.