王林雪;郭慧;刘涛;张晓斐;

• 1:中国科学院国家授时中心
• 2:中国科学院时间频率基准重点实验室
• 3:中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院

摘要(Abstract)：

基于光晶格原子钟实现人造自旋轨道耦合的相关研究进展,简要说明利用光晶格原子钟实现自旋轨道耦合的基本原理。通过与传统实现自旋轨道耦合的拉曼耦合方案相比较,指出利用光晶格原子钟实现自旋轨道耦合方案的优越性。讨论了自旋轨道耦合光晶格原子钟在量子简并区域可能实现的奇异物态和新奇量子现象。强调了光钟平台在超冷原子新物态的制备、操控和测量等方面扮演的重要角色。

关键词(KeyWords)： 光晶格原子钟;自旋轨道耦合;超冷原子气体;新奇量子态

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11775253;11704383)

作者(Author): 王林雪;郭慧;刘涛;张晓斐;

Email:

DOI: 10.13875/j.issn.1674-0637.2020-01-0001-08

参考文献(References)：

• [1]LUDLOW A D,BOYD M M,YE J,et al.Optical atomic clocks[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2015,87(2):637-701.
• [2]KATORI H.Optical-lattice clock sets new standard for timekeeping[J].Physics Today,2014,67(3):2294-2296.
• [3]DEREVIANKO A,KATORI H.Colloquium:physics of optical lattice clocks[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2011(83):331.
• [4]GREW W M,ZHANG X,FASANO R J,et al.Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimeter level[J].Nature,2018(564):87-90.
• [5]GREBING C,AI-MASOUDI A,DORSCHER S,et al.Realization of a timescale with an accurate optical clock[J].Optica,2015(3):563.
• [6]HACHISU H,NAKAGAWA F,HANADO Y,et al.Months-long real-time generation of a time scale based on an optical clock[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):4243-4247.
• [7]TAKANO T,MIZUSHIMA R,KATORI H.Precise determination of the isotope shift of Sr-88-Sr-87 optical lattice clock by sharing perturbations[J].Applied Physics Express,2017,10(7):2801.
• [8]DELAUNAY C,OZERI R,PEREZ G,et al.Probing atomic higgs-like forces at the precision frontier[J].Physical Review D,2017,96(9):3001.
• [9]ROSENBAND T,HUME D B,SCHMIDT P O,et al.Frequency ratio of Al+and Hg+single-ion optical clocks;metrology at the 17th decimal place[J].Science,2008,319(5871):1808-1819.
• [10]GODUN R M,NISBET-JONES P B R,JONES J M,et al.Frequency ratio of two optical clock tranditions in 171Yb+and constraints on the time variation of fundamental[J].Physical Review Letters,2014,113(21):801.
• [11]HUNTEMANN N,LIPPHARDT B,TAMM C,et al.Improved limit on a temporal variation of mp/me from comparisons of Yb+and Cs atomic clocks[J].Physical Review Letters,2014,113(21):802.
• [12]TOBAR M E,STANWIX P L,MCFERRAN J J M,et al.Testing local position and fundamental constant invariance due to periodic gravitational and boost using long-term comparision of the SYRTE atomic fountains and H-masers[J].Physical Review D,2013,87(12):2004.
• [13]DELVA P,LODEWYCK J,BILICKI S,et al.Test of special relativity using a fiber network of optical clocks[J].Physical Review Letters,2017,118(22):1102.
• [14]DEREVIANKO A,POSPELOV M.Hunting for topological dark matter with atomic clocks[J].Nature Physics,2014(10):933-936.
• [15]YE J.Preface:special topic on cold atoms[J].National Science Review,2016(3):165.
• [16]GRIMN R,JULIENNE P.Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2010(82):1225.
• [17]K?HLER T,GóRAL K.Production of cold molecules via magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2006(78):1311.
• [18]BLOCH I.Many-body physics with ultracold gases[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2008(80):885.
• [19]MORSCH O.Dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2006(78):179.
• [20]LEWENSTEIN M,SANPERA A,AHUFINGER V,et al.Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices:mimicking condensed matter physics and beyond[J].Advances in Physics,2007,56(2):243-379.
• [21]GALITSKI V,SPIELMAN I B.Spin-orbit coupling in quantum gases[J].Nature,2013(49):49-54.
• [22]MANCHON A,KOO H C,NITTA J,et al.New perspectives for Rashba spin-orbit coupling[J].Nature Materials,2015,14(9):871-882.
• [23]GOLDMAN N,JUZELIUNAS G,OHBERG P,et al.Light-induced gauge fields for ultracold atoms[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,2014,77(12):6401.
• [24]DALIBARD J,GERBIER F,JUZELIUNAS G,et al.Colloquium:artificial gauge potentials for neutral atoms[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2011,83(4):1523.
• [25]WEI Y,ZHANG W,CUI X.Pairing superfluidity in spin-orbit coupled ultracold Fermi gases[J].Science China(Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy),2015(58):1-11.
• [26]LIN Y J,JIMéNEZ-GARCíA K,SPIELMAN I B.Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates[J].Nature,2011,471(7336):83-88.
• [27]ZHANG J Y,JI S C,CHEN Z,et al.Collective dipole oscillations of a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensat[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,109(11):5301.
• [28]WANG P,YU Z Q,FU Z,et al.Spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gases[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,109(9):5301.
• [29]CHEUK L W,SOMMER A T,HADZIBABIC Z,et al.Spin-injection spectroscopy of a spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,109(9):5302.
• [30]XU Z F,YOU L,UEDA M.Atomic spin-orbit coupling synthesized with magnetic-field-gradient pulses[J].Physical Review A,2013,87(6):3634.
• [31]ANDERSON B M,SPIELMAN I B,JUZELIūNAS G.Magnetically generated spin-orbit coupling for ultracold atoms[J].Physical Review Letters,2013,111(12):5301.
• [32]LUO X,WU L,CHEN J,et al.Tunable atomic spin-orbit coupling synthesized with a modulating gradient magnetic field[J].Scientific Reports,2016(6):18983.
• [33]HUANG L,MENG Z,WANG P,et al.Experimental realization of two-dimensional synthetic spin-orbit coupling in ultracold Fermi gases[J].Nature Physics,2016(12):540.
• [34]WU Z,ZHANG L,SUN W,et al.Realization of two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling for Bose-Einstein condensates[J].Science,2016,354(6308):83-88.
• [35]SPIELMAN I B.Raman processes and effective gauge potenticals[J].Physical Review A,2009,79(6):3613.
• [36]JUZELIUNAS G,RUSECKAS J,DALIBARD J.Generalized rashba-dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling for cold atoms[J].Physical Review A,2010,81(5):3403.
• [37]CAMPBELL D L,JUZELIUNAS G,SPIELMAN I B.Realistic rashba and dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling for neutral atoms[J].Physical Review A,2011,84(2):5602.
• [38]ANDERSON B M,JUZELIUNAS G,GALITSKI V M,et al.Synthetic 3D spin-orbit coupling[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108(23):5301.
• [39]BARNETT R,BOYD G R,GALITSKI V.SU(3)spin-orbit coupling in systems of ultracold atoms[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,109(23):5308.
• [40]WALL M L,KOLLER A P,LI S,et al.Synthetic spin-orbit coupling in an optical lattice clock[J].Physical Review Letters,2016,116(3):5301.
• [41]ZHOU X,LUO X W,CHEN G,et al.Rashba and Weyl spin-orbit coupling in an optical lattice clock[DB/OL].(2019-01-11)[2019-02-26]https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.09282.
• [42]LIVI L F,CAPPELLINI G,DIEM M,et al.Synthetic dimensions and spin-orbit coupling with an optical clock transition[J].Physical Review Letters,2016,117(22):401.
• [43]KOLKOWITZ S,BROMLEY S L,BOTHWELL T,et al.Spin-orbit-coupled fermions in an optical lattice clock[J].Nature,2017(542):66-70.
• [44]BROMLEY S L,KOLKOWITZ S,BOTHWELL T,et al.Dynamics of interacting fermions under spin-orbit coupling in an optical lattice clock[J].Nature Physics,2018(14):399.
• [45]CUI X,LIAN B,HO T L,et al.Synthetic gauge eld with highly magnetic lanthanide atoms[J].Physical Review A,2013,88(11):601.
• [46]BURDICK N Q,TANG Y,LEV B L.Long-lived spin-orbit-coupled degenerate dipolar Fermi gas[J].Physical Review X,2016(3):1022.
• [47]MANCINI M,PAGANO G,CAPPELLINI G,et al.Observation of chiral edge states with neutral fermions in synthetic Hall ribbons[J].Science,2015,349(6255):1510-1512.
• [48]BLOOM B J,NICHOLSON T L,WILLIAMS J R,et al.An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10-18 level[J].Nature,2014,506(7486):71-75.
• [49]BOADA O,CELI A,LATORRE J I,et al.Quantum simulation of an extra dimension[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108(13):3001.
• [50]CELI A,MASSIGNAN P,RUSECKAS J,et al.Synthetic gauge fields in synthetic dimensions[J].Physical Review Letters,2014,112(4):3001.
• [51]ATALA M,AIDELSBURGER M,LOHSE M,et al.Observation of chiral currents with ultracold atoms in bosonic ladders[J].Nature Physics,2014(10):588.
• [52]PIRAUD M,HEIDRICH-MEISNER F,MCCULLOCH I P,et al.Vortex and Meissner phases of strongly interacting bosons on a two-leg ladder[J].Physical Review B,2015,91(14):406.
• [53]NATU S S.Bosons with long-range interactions on two-leg ladders in artificial magnetic fields[J].Physical Review A,2015,92(53):623.
• [54]AKATSUKA T,TAKAMOTO M,KATORI H.Three-dimensional optical lattice clock with bosonic 88Sr atoms[J].Physical Review A,2010,81(23):402.
• [55]CAMPBELL S L,HUTSON R B,MARTI G E,et al.A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical layyice clock[J].Science,2017,358(6359):90-94.
• [56]GEMELKE N,ZHANG X,HUNG C L,et al.In situ observation of incompressible mott-insulating domains in ultracold atomic gases[J].Nature,2009(460):995-1002.
• [57]BAKR W S,GILLEN J I,PENG A,et al.A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice[J].Nature,2009(462):74-80.
• [58]SHERSON J F,WEITENBERG C,ENDRES M,et al.Single-atom-resolved fluorescence imaging of an atomic Mott insulator[J].Nature,2010,467(7311):68-72.
• [59]STAMPER-KURN D M,UEDA M.Spinor Bose gases:symmetries,magnetism,and quantum dynamics[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2013,85(3):1191.
• [60]SADLER L E,HIGBIE J M,LESLIE S R,et al.Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quenched ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate[J].Nature,2006,443(7109):312-316.
• [61]ZHOU X,PAN J S,WEI Y,et al.Interaction-induced exotic vortex states in an optical lattice clock with spin-orbit coupling[J].Physical Review A,2017,96(2):3627.
• [62]ZHANG R,CHENG Y,ZHAI H,et al.Orbital feshbach resonance in alkali-earth atoms[J].Physical Review Letters,2015,115(13):5301.
• [63]PAGANO G,MANCINI M,CAPPELLINI G,et al.Strongly interacting gas of two-electron fermions at an orbital feshbach resonance[J].Physical Review Letters,2015,115(26):5301.
• [64]H?FER M,RIEGGER L,SCAZZA F,et al.Observation of an orbital interaction-induced feshbach resonance in 173Yb[J].Physical Review Letters,2015,115(26):5302.
• [65]BARBARINO S,TADDIA L,ROSSINI D,et al.Magnetic crystals and helical liquids in alkaline-earth fermionic gases[J].Nature Communications,2015(6):8134.
• [66]COOPER N R.Optical flux lattices for ultracold atomic gases[J].Physical Review Letters,2011,106(17):5301.
• [67]GOLDMAN N,BUDICH J C,ZOLLER P.Topological quantum matter with ultracold gases in optical lattices[J].Nature Physics,2016(12):639-645.
• [68]CAZALILLA M A,REY A M.Ultracold fermi gases with emergent SU(N)symmetry[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,2014,77(12):4401.
• [69]LI J R,LEE J,HUANG W J,et al.A stripe phase with supersolid properties in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates[J].Nature,2017(543):91-94.
• [70]WANG C J,GAO C,JIAN C M,et al.Spin-orbit coupled spinor Bose-Einstein condensates[J].Physical Review Letters,2010,105(16):403.
• [71]HO T L,ZHANG S.Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit interaction[J].Physical Review Letters,2011,107(15):403.
• [72]HAN W,ZHANG X F,SONG S W,et al.Double-quantum spin vortices in SU(3)spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases[J].Physical Review A,2016,94(33):629.