| 33 | 0 | 106 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
高精度高连续时频系统是导航卫星的核心，面向构建下一代弹性时间基准需求，针对故障条件下保持时频系统功能连续、性能不降级的难题，提出了一种基于两级驾驭和模型精化的星载时频生成方法，优化设计了单星时频两级驾驭方案，提出了故障模式下的星载热备钟模型精化、快速评估和补偿技术。采用新一代积分球冷原子钟、主动型氢钟及铷钟作为星载钟的仿真实验表明，在配置两个高性能星载守时钟的正常工作模式下，基于两级驾驭方法可以实现兼具积分球冷原子钟的长期稳定度性能和主动型氢钟的短期稳定度性能，星载时频秒稳定度可达1.9×10-13,天稳定度可达到1.4×10-15,充分发挥新一代星载钟的优势；在故障模式下，其中一台高性能守时钟保持对热备铷钟的连续评估和驾驭，并同时利用驾驭后的主动型氢钟对热备铷钟进行时钟模型精化、评估和补偿，补偿后的铷钟信号天稳定度可达到2.4×10-14,有效降低铷钟本身频率漂移影响，从而增强星载时频弹性。提出的两级驾驭时频生成方案与模型精化、评估和补偿技术，可为下一代星载时间基准构建提供参考，充分发挥单星高性能钟优势，显著提升故障场景下星载时频精度、连续性和可靠性。
Abstract：The high-precision and high-continuity time-frequency system is the core of navigation satellites.Considering the need to build next-generation resilient time reference and the challenge of maintaining continuous functionality and non-degraded performance of the time-frequency system under fault conditions, a spaceborne time-frequency generation method based on two-level steering and model refinement is proposed.This approach optimizes the design of a two-level steering scheme for a single satellite's time-frequency system and introduces techniques for refining, rapidly evaluating, and compensating the spaceborne hot-standby clock model in fault modes.Simulation experiments using a new-generation integral sphere cold atom clock, active hydrogen maser, and rubidium clock as spaceborne clocks show that in normal operation mode with two high-performance spaceborne clocks, the two-level steering method can achieve both the long-term stability performance of the integral sphere cold atom clock and the short-term stability performance of the active hydrogen maser.The spaceborne time-frequency stability can reach 1.9×10-13 at second intervals and 1.4×10-15 per day, fully leveraging the advantages of the new-generation spaceborne clocks.In fault mode, one of the high-performance timekeeping frequency standards continuously evaluates and steers the hot-standby rubidium clock, while simultaneously using the steered active hydrogen maser to refine, evaluate, and compensate the clock model of the hot-standby rubidium clock.The compensated rubidium clock signal can achieve a stability of 2.4×10-14 per day, effectively reducing the impact of the rubidium clock's inherent frequency drift, thereby enhancing the resilience of the spaceborne time-frequency system.The proposed two-level steering time-frequency generation scheme, along with the model refinement, evaluation, and compensation techniques, can provide a reference for building the next-generation spaceborne time reference, fully leveraging the advantages of high-performance clocks on a single satellite, and significantly improving the accuracy, continuity, and reliability of spaceborne time-frequency in fault scenarios.
[1] HAN C,LIU L,CAI Z,et al.The space-time references of BeiDou navigation satellite system[J].Satellite Navigation,2021,2:1-10.
[2] YANG Y,MAO Y,SUN B.Basic performance and future developments of BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System[J].Satellite Navigation,2020,1(1):1.
[3] GAO W,ZHOU W,TANG C,et al.High-precision services of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS):current state,achievements,and future directions[J].Satellite Navigation,2024,5(1):20.
[4] 贺玉玲，何克亮，王国永，等.导航卫星时频系统发展综述[J].导航定位与授时，2021.8(5):61-70.
[5] 卢鋆，武建峰，袁海波，等.北斗三号系统时频体系设计与实现[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2023,48(8):1340-1348.
[6] JANIS J P,JONES M R,Quackenbush N F.Benefits of operating multiple atomic frequency standards for GNSS satellites[J].GPS Solutions,2021,25(4):141.
[7] WANG Q,ROCHAT P.ONCLE(One Clock Ensemble) for Galileo’s next-generation robust timing system[J].NAVIGATION:Journal of the Institute of Navigation,2022,69(3):1-15.
[8] DONG R,LU J,TANG C,et al.A Method for establi-shing elastic time-frequency reference for navigation constellation[C]//China Satellite Navigation Conference.Singapore:Springer Nature Singapore,2023:331-344.
[9] LEESON D B.Oscillator phase noise:A 50-year review[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control,2016,63(8):1208-1225.
[10] YI X,YANG S,DONG R,et al.A composite clock for robust time-frequency signal generation system onboard a navigation satellite[J].GPS Solutions,2024,28(1):6.
[11] GODEL M,FURTHNER J.Robust ensemble time onboard a satellite[C]//Proceedings of the 48th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting,2017:26-43.
[12] YI X,YANG S,DONG R,et al.Architecture and algorithm design of navigation satellite robust ensemble clock system[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2024,24(10):17054-17066.
[13] FARINA M,GALLEANI L,TAVELLA P,et al.A control theory approach to clock steering techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control,2010,57(10):2257-2270.
[14] MISHAGIN K G,LYSENKO V A,MEDVEDEV S Y.A practical approach to optimal control problem for atomic clocks[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control,2019,67(5):1080-1087.
[15] ZUCCA C,TAVELLA P.The clock model and its relationship with the Allan and related variances[J].IEEE Transactions Onultrasonics,Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control,2005,52(2):289-296.
[16] DIEV J,D’ANGELO P,FERNANDEZ A.Clock errors simulation and characterisation[C]//Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation(ION GNSS 2006).2006:815-821.
[17] 李国俊，史丰丰，徐金锋，等.基于钙离子光钟的160 d连续守时性能分析[J].光学学报，2025,45(4):126-133.
[18] 李雨薇.精密时频信号产生与性能评估方法研究[D].西安：中国科学院大学(中国科学院国家授时中心),2019.
[19] OUYANG X C,YANG B W,DENG J L,et al.An effective pumping method for increasing atomic utilization in a compact cold atom clock[J].Chinese Physics B,2021,30(8):083202.
[20] ESNAULT F X,ROSSETTO N,HOLLEVILLE D,et al.HORACE:A compact cold atom clock for Galileo[J].Advances in Space Research,2011,47(5):854-858.
[21] 胡旺旺，王瑞，帅涛，等.主动型氢原子钟数字电路控制系统研究[J].时间频率学报，2023,46(3):227-236.
[22] 阚昊宇，胡志刚，吕逸飞，等.利用不同时间同步体制钟差评估北斗三号星载原子钟性能[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2023,48(4):604-610.
基本信息:
DOI：10.13875/j.issn.1674-0637.2025-03-0181-07
中图分类号:V441;TH714.14
引用信息:
[1]董明,易晓,王天翔,等.基于两级驾驭和模型精化的星载时频生成方法研究[J].时间频率学报,2025,48(03):181-187.DOI:10.13875/j.issn.1674-0637.2025-03-0181-07.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(U23A20280)